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ngnix之日志管理
阅读量：6937 次
发布时间：2019-06-27

本文共 6420 字，大约阅读时间需要 21 分钟。

hot3.png

./sbin/nginx stop

./sbin/nginx reopen
./sbin/nginx -t配置文件
./sbin/nginx -h
日志管理
[root ngnix]# tail -10 logs/access.log
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:28:29 -0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:28:29 -0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:28:30 -0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:31:17 -0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:55:13 -0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:55:13 -0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:55:13 -0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:55:22 -0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:55:22 -0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [26/Dec/2015:19:55:22 -0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:43.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/43.0"
可能有蜘蛛不是火狐
www.baidu.com/robots.txt
[root ngnix]# vi conf/nginx.conf
server{
      listen    80;
      server_name z.com;
      location /{
        root z.com;
        index index.html;
                 }
access_log logs/z.com.access.log main;
}
若出现以下错误nginx: [emerg] unknown log format "main" in /usr/local/ngnix/conf/nginx.conf:41
#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
#'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
放开以上注释
log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
nginx定时切割
[root ngnix]# date -d yesterday
Tue Dec 29 18:42:19 PST 2015
[root ngnix]# date
Wed Dec 30 18:42:25 PST 2015
[root ngnix]# date -s '2013-09-21 19:00:38'
Sat Sep 21 19:00:38 PDT 2013
[root@localhost ngnix]# clock -w
[root@localhost ngnix]# date -d yesterday
Fri Sep 20 19:01:41 PDT 2013
[root@localhost ngnix]# date -d yesterday "%Y"
[root@localhost ngnix]# date --help
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
  or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
  -d, --date=STRING         display time described by STRING, not `now'
  -f, --file=DATEFILE       like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
  -r, --reference=FILE      display the last modification time of FILE
  -R, --rfc-2822            output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
                            Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
      --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC   output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
                            TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
                            date and time to the indicated precision.
                            Date and time components are separated by
                            a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
  -s, --set=STRING          set time described by STRING
  -u, --utc, --universal    print or set Coordinated Universal Time
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit
[root@localhost ngnix]# date -d yesterday +%Y
2013
[root@localhost ngnix]# date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d
20130920
[root@localhost ngnix]# mkdir data
[root@localhost ngnix]# ls
client_body_temp  html        scgi_temp
conf              logs        uwsgi_temp
data              proxy_temp  z.com
fastcgi_temp      sbin
[root@localhost ngnix]# cd data
[root@localhost data]# vi runlog.sh
#!bin/bash
LOGPATH=/usr/local/ngnix/logs/z.com.access.log
BASEPATH=/data
bak=/usr/local/ngnix/data/$(date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d%H%M).zcom.access.log
mv $LOGPATH $bak
touch $LOGPATH
kill -USR1  `cat /usr/local/ngnix/logs/nginx.pid`
[root@localhost data]# crontab -e
*/1 * * * * sh /usr/local/ngnix/data/runlog.sh
location精准匹配
[root@localhost data]# cd ..
[root@localhost ngnix]# cd ..
[root@localhost local]# pkill -9 nginx
[root@localhost local]# rm -rf ngnix/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@localhost local]# cd src
[root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]#cd  nginx-1.4.2
[root@localhost nginx-1.4.2]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.4.2]#make
[root@localhost nginx-1.4.2]#make install
oot@localhost nginx-1.4.2]# vi conf/nginx.conf
     43         location =/ {#加上=
     44             root   /var/www/html;
     45             index  index.html index.htm;
     46         }
          47  location / {
     48                   root   html;
     49                   index  index.html index.htm;
     50               }
    
location 语法
location 有”定位”的意思, 根据Uri来进行不同的定位.
在虚拟主机的配置中,是必不可少的,location可以把网站的不同部分,定位到不同的处理方式上.
比如, 碰到.php, 如何调用PHP解释器?  --这时就需要location
location 的语法
location [=|~|~*|^~] patt {
}
中括号可以不写任何参数,此时称为一般匹配
也可以写参数
因此,大类型可以分为3种
location = patt {} [精准匹配]
location patt{}  [一般匹配]
location ~ patt{} [正则匹配]
 
如何发挥作用?:
首先看有没有精准匹配,如果有,则停止匹配过程.
location = patt {
    config A
}
如果 $uri == patt,匹配成功，使用configA
   location = / {
              root   /var/www/html/;
             index  index.htm index.html;
        }
         
  location / {
             root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
  }
如果访问　　http://xxx.com/
定位流程是　
1: 精准匹配中　”/”   ,得到index页为　　index.htm
2: 再次访问 /index.htm , 此次内部转跳uri已经是”/index.htm” ,
根目录为/usr/local/nginx/html
3: 最终结果,访问了 /usr/local/nginx/html/index.htm
 
再来看,正则也来参与.
location / {
            root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
location ~ image {
           root /var/www/image;
           index index.html;
}
如果我们访问  http://xx.com/image/logo.png
此时, “/” 与”/image/logo.png” 匹配
同时,”image”正则 与”image/logo.png”也能匹配,谁发挥作用?
正则表达式的成果将会使用.
图片真正会访问 /var/www/image/logo.png
 
location / {
             root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
             index  index.html index.htm;
         }
 
location /foo {
            root /var/www/html;
             index index.html;
}
我们访问 http://xxx.com/foo
 对于uri “/foo”,   两个location的patt,都能匹配他们
即 ‘/’能从左前缀匹配 ‘/foo’, ‘/foo’也能左前缀匹配’/foo’,
此时, 真正访问 /var/www/html/index.html
原因:’/foo’匹配的更长,因此使用之.;
 
 
url解析-》是否精准匹配如果？否 ->普通匹配

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/goudingcheng/blog/608375

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